Older adults have many reasons for pursuing continued education. Some simply enjoy meeting new people and getting out of the house each day. Attending a learning center or school can give them an agenda, preventing boredom or depression that often occur with sedentary lifestyles. Working adults may wish to learn more about computers, business skills or other employment-related information. Since fewer people are retiring permanently, learning usually continues throughout people’s sixties and seventies. Most seniors who participate in education programs find that their new knowledge keeps them mentally sharp and gives them a reason to be proud.
Teaching adults can be challenging at times. Naturally, as we age, we experience changes in vision. We may no longer be able to focus on close objects, deal with the glare of a computer screen for long periods of time, read smaller 18-point font size, see colors as they actually are or see around physical barriers like tables. To teach adults, instructors should take all of these factors into consideration to reduce stress on their pupils. Hearing impairment is another challenge for adults of an older age. Some may learn to do some lip reading, but it’s always best if a loud voice can be used or have a clear microphone installed. Teachers should ensure a quiet setting with limited background noise, have all cell phones turned off and be careful not to distort their faces while speaking.
Additionally, up to 80% of the older adults in basic education programs have an adult learning disability, which hosts a new set of challenges. These adults may have writing, math and reading difficulties, poor handwriting, difficulty remembering things or adhering to a schedule, confusion about direction and limited social skills. To intervene with these adults, it’s advised that instructors work on basic skills remediation, subject-area tutoring, learning styles specifically designed for adult education, vocational exploration and survival skills training.
Teaching older adults should be an enjoyable process from start to finish. Seniors have a lot of rich experiences, interesting stories and knowledge to contribute to a class, which should make it a learning process for the instructor too. The tricky part can be balancing a deep respect for the seniors’ existing skills and knowledge base, while also introducing new topics developed for their pace and with different adult learning styles in mind. Students with adult learning disabilities may require extra motivation, positive reinforcement and patience, but they are often excited to learn new things.
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It is estimated that anywhere from 7 to 20% of the American population has some form of adult dyslexia signs. Many people who are dyslexic go undiagnosed. They may struggle at comprehending documents in the workplace or they may fall behind and drop out of school. The sad part is that if they had just had a diagnosis, they would have learned about tricks and techniques aimed at helping them learn through their special style. After all, not everyone picks things up just by hearing or by reading. Some people need a multi-sensory approach to learning. In the same way, a dyslexia test is often a series of tests in different areas to rule out other adult learning disabilities.
Some of the current tests for dyslexia include the Beery Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Bender Gestalt Test of Visual Motor Perception, Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC), Kaufman Tests of Educational Achievement (KTEA), Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, Peabody Individual Achievement Tests (PIAT), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Test for Auditory Comprehension of Language (TACL), Test of Auditory Perception (TAPS), Test of Visual Perception (TVPS), Visual Aural Digit Span Test (VADS), Wechsler Individual Achievement Tests (WIAT, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) and the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery test. To gather the full picture, doctors and psychologists usually try as many of these tests as they can to assess adult learning disabilities. This is called a “multi-approach” to diagnosis. In addition to these psychoanalytical tests, medical doctors can now perform brain scans using MRI and PET imaging to detect brain anomalies.
Sometimes an adult dyslexia test may reveal other adult learning disabilities. Non-verbal learning disabilities are classified under a different neurological disorder, which shows problems with organization, evaluating and visual-spatial processing.
With an auditory or visual processing disorder, a person may see or hear perfectly fine but have a difficult time deciphering. Dysgraphia is a writing disability where a person may be unable to write in cursive, form certain letters or include proper spacing. With dyscalculia, a person may be unable to solve the simplest mathematical problems or understand the most basic math concepts. ADHD anxiety may make a person feel distracted, excitable and unable to concentrate long enough to understand or store information properly.
A dyslexia test is practical if people have family members who were dyslexic, if they have trouble transcribing numbers, if they make frequent errors in writing or spelling and if they must read very slowly in order to comprehend. Individuals may be able to find a free dyslexia test online. While a comprehensive, in-depth assessment cannot be obtained online for free, there are sites that may prompt you to see a psychoanalyst or neurological doctor.
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Acid reflux disorder is also known as gastro-esophageal reflux disorder. This disorder is characterized by different degrees of mucosal damage due to the abnormal reflux of stomach acid in the esophagus.
Acid reflux occurs when gastric juices that contain acid, travel back into your esophagus from your stomach. You will know if you have this kind of disorder if you have one of these acid reflux symptoms:
- Burning Feeling In The Throat
This occurs usually on the higher part in the neck and also on the lower part. This can be due to the irritation that occurs when stomach contents reflux up to your throat
- Burning Sensation In The Chest
Usually the sensation starts on the sternum or behind the breastbone then this may lead to your throat. The burning sensation usually occurs after eating and can last for a few minutes or several hours
- Chronic Coughing
About 41% of chronic coughing is due to acid reflux disorder
- Sour or Bitter Taste In The Mouth
If stomach contents reflux up into the esophagus, there is a tendency that it may reach the back of the throat. Thus, a sour or bitter taste occurs
- Difficulty Swallowing
If food does not pass normally through your esophagus, you may likely experience difficulty in swallowing. This happens if there is a sticking sensation in the throat, pressure in the chest or burning after eating. You may also experience the feeling of choking. These can be signs of different conditions, which include esophageal cancer and erosive esophagitis. If you are experiencing this, always have a physician evaluate you
- Asthma-Like Symptoms or Wheezing
A number of studies have shown that 60% of people who suffer from asthma, have acid reflux. Acid reflux can affect asthma if stomach acid refluxes in the esophagus and then flows over into the airways and lungs. This could be the reason why acid reflux may cause you to experience difficulty in breathing, which can lead to wheezing and coughing
September 28th, 2009 in
stomach |
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